Froebel kindergarten training - Bridgeport, ct - 1903
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Froebel believed that children needed to be active participants in their education, free from authoritative instruction. He wrote, “Education must be passive and protective rather than directive, otherwise the free and conscious revelation of the diving spirit in man – which is the free development of the human race – is lost.” During the early twentieth century, education reformers sought to break from rigid and disciplined classrooms. They aimed to promote individual learning and democratic relationships within the classroom. The children possess tools for their education and they have the support of each other. They’re not the typical school children one might find in a classroom filled with rows of desks facing the teacher; instead they’re unconfined, self guided in their learning.
Froebel advocated for children to work and learn independently. He recommended singing, dancing, and learning through open-ended play.
i. Friedrich Fröbel, Froebel's Chief Writings on Education (New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1912) 32.